Monthly Archives: May 2013

President Obama issues historic executive order making open data the new default in federal government

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This morning, the White House released a new executive order from President Barack Obama that makes “open and machine readable” the new default for the release of government information.

The White House also published a memorandum regarding the policy that goes with it and a new website on Github that offers more context and resources on Project Open Data.

Below, U.S. CTO Todd Park and U.S. CIO Steven VanRoekel talk about landmark steps to liberate more open data defined in the new order and what the new policy will mean:

One big question is whether data that is currently being bought by big business and startups — or obtained under FOIA — is now identified and released. Business interest in government data is longstanding, from Bloomberg to Reuters to Lexis-Nexis. New players exist now, particularly Google, and I expect them to consume data as it becomes available and make it usable, useful and economically significant.

At a broader level, the new policy defines machine-readable as the default and instructs agencies to do data inventories. That may sounds simple, to a layman, but it’s a big deal, if the administration can drive implementation and make this more than another compliance exercise.

We’ll see. John Wonderlich is right: this open data executive order is a step in the right direction and shows a path forward.

Later today, the President is going to talk about this order in Texas, elevating open data into the national discussion. I expect the conversation that results to be interesting. I’ll be speaking with the US CIO as well, so if you have questions, please let me know at @digiphile on Twitter or weigh in in the comments.

Will Maryland’s new open data initiative be a platform for a more open government?

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Maryland joined 39 other states in the union when it officially launched its open data inititive on Wednesday.

Governor Martin O’Malley unveiled Data.Maryland.gov at a panel discussion in Annapolis on Wednesday, at a panel discussion hosted in conjunction with the Future of Information Alliance (FIA), an inter-disciplinary partnership between the University of Maryland, College Park and 10 founding partners.

“Big data is forever changing the way we manage, market, and move information, and in Maryland, it is also changing the way we govern with better choices and better results,” said Governor O’Malley. “Together, we set public goals, relentlessly measure government performance on a weekly basis, broadly share information, and put it on the internet for all to see. We publicly identify our problems and crowd source the solutions with open access to data. That’s why today we’re launching data.maryland.gov – a movement away from ideological, hierarchal, bureaucratic governing and toward information-age governing that is fundamentally entrepreneurial, collaborative, relentlessly interactive and performance driven.”

The path to standing up Maryland’s new open data platform extends back into the last decade when the O’Malley administration and the state’s legislature first started taking substantive steps towards putting more government data online.

These efforts were preceded by two important open government laws that laid a foundation for transparency in the 21st century:

1970: Maryland passes Public Information Act that established the public’s right to inspect public records, providing that “[a]ll persons are entitled to have access to information about the affairs of government and the official acts of public officials and employees.”

1977: Maryland passes an Open Meetings Act to “allow the general public to view the entire deliberative process.”

2008: Governor O’Malley launched StateStat, publishing performance and management statistics online. The governor subsequently touted the use of performance data a year later as a way to save taxpayer dollars. “RSS, XML, GIS, API: this is what smart, transparent governance will look like in the years ahead,” he said.

2010: Maryland webcasts more hearings and meetings online.

June 2011: Maryland General Assembly establishes a Joint Committee on Transparency and Open Government

April 2012: (Former) Maryland chief innovation officer Bryan Sivak hosts open data roundtable. [Baltimore Sun]

December 2012: Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley establishes an open data working group with an executive order. [Maryland.gov]

May 2013: Maryland launches data.maryland.gov using Socrata’s cloud-based open data platform.

Whither open government?

While the launch of an open data platform is an important digital milestone, it doesn’t in of itself address substantive concerns about Maryland’s open government challenges. TechPresident asked whether Maryland becoming the open government state in 2011, a question that came loaded with decades of context.

On the one hand, the new open data is a substantive step towards addressing the criticisms of open government advocates who noted that Maryland was lagging other states in the nation in its digital initiatives.

On the other, the 236 datasets on data.maryland.gov at launch do not include spending data. Many transparency advocates would like to see that change: Maryland received a low grade in PIRG’s annual report on government spending, as examined through the prism of  data delivering online.

According to PIRG, “Maryland’s transparency website, which garnered a ‘C’ grade, provides checkbook-level information on contracts and other expenditures. However, it lacks detailed information on economic development tax credits and the projected and achieved benefits of economic development subsidies.”

The state government’s compliance with Maryland’s Freedom of Information Act (PDF) is also unclear. While journalists, researchers and other freedom of information requestors now have a new way to ask for data (a nominate button on the new open data website) if they don’t receive an immediate reply, they’ll be hard-pressed to know who to turn to in individual agencies. There is, as of yet, no comprehensive list of Maryland FOIA officers online yet, nor independent institution, auditor or ombudsman with statutory authority to ensure that FOIA requests are complied with in a timely or effective manner.

It’s unclear whether any of this new open data will substantially mitigate Maryland’s record on transparency. According to report card by State Integrity, Maryland ranks 40th in the nation when assessed on 14 different categories</a.

While access to electronic information may improve, Maryland’s story includes a political history rife with corruption in the latter part of the 20th century and a present marked by murky procurement policies, oft-ignored auditors’ reports, spotty access to information and limitied executive and legislative branch accountability.

As Christian Borge detailed for Public Integrity in August of 2012, Maryland faces open government challenges around lobbying, contracting and political cronyism. Websites like StateStat, BayStat, and GreenPrint have featured data disclosures made at the discretion of the O’Malley administration, as is the case with this new open data platform. The state of play in Maryland is an excellent example of the ambiguity of open government and open data, where states release data relevant to services, performance or of economic value but not requests from the media for information related to the exercise (or abuse) of power, the existence of policial corruption or potentially embarrassing errors.

This state of affairs is what led to iSolon.org president Jim Snider to decry Maryland’s fake open government in 2010, much as open government advocates have criticized the Obama administration’s record on open data, open government and FOIA compliance. As Snider pointed out in March, Maryland’s Board of Elections also has serious open government issues.

Whether any of this figures into the 2014 election for governor remains to be seen. Maryland Attorney General Doug Gansler is a leading contender in the crowded field in the developing 2014 MD gubernatorial race. Whether the leading law enforcement official in Maryland chooses to make open data or open government part of the issues in his campaign is, like the political winds in Annapolis, not clear. To date, Gansler’s record on technology primarily has focused upon targeting sexual predators on social networking sites, not using digital technology to make Maryland government more open, transparent or accountable to its 5.8 million people.

None of this means that Maryland’s new open data initiative won’t matter for government transparency, improved civic services or economic activity in the private sector. This step forward does matter and adds what increasingly looks like a basic building block for governance to Maryland’s toolkit. It just means that the citizens of the Old Line State by the Bay need to keep asking for more than data from their elected officials.

Peixoto: Open government data’s impact depends on political agency and press freedom

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india-corruption-map

Tiago Peixoto has published a new law review article on the uncertain relationship between open data and accountability.

In it, he considers open government, transparency, accountability, press freedom and “open data” and comes to some interesting conclusions.

Peixoto suggests that for “adaptable data to engender accountability, it must fulfill at least two conditions: the publicity and political agency conditions.”

The former condition, although substantially enhanced by digital technologies and increased access to information, has traditionally been enabled by the media. The latter relies upon the basic conditions of democracy, from participatory institutions to free and fair elections.

If you’re interested in open government data, this is well worth the read.

Open government data shines a light on hospital billing and health care costs

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If transparency is the best disinfectant, casting sunlight upon the cost of care in hospitals across the United States will make the health care system itself healthier.

The Department of Health and Human Services has released open data that compares the billing for the 100 most common treatments and procedures performed at more than 3000 hospital in the U.S. The Medicare provider charge data shows significant variation within communies and across the country for the same procedures.

One hospital charged $8,000, another $38,000 — for the same condition. This data is enabling newspapers like the Washington Post to show people the actual costs of health care and create  interactive features that enable  people to search for individual hospitals and see how they compare. The New York Times explored the potential reasons behind wild disparities in billing at length today, from sicker patients to longer hospitalizations to higher labor costs.

hospital-costs

 

These graphics and features are only the tip of the iceberg for this health data to be baked into health applications and services. Given the spiraling costs of health care in the U.S., this kind of data has been sorely lacking. Health apps and services based upon this kind of data hold the potential to change how society accesses the quality and delivery of care, controls costs, connects patients to one another, creates jobs, empowers care givers and cuts fraud.

Progress on making health information as useful as weather data has been gradual over the past five years, pushed an Open Government Directive in 2009. The catalyst for change today, however, appears to be a member of the media.

According to Steven Brill, this end to hospital bill secrecy was prompted, at least in part, by his mammoth special report on healthcare pricing practices in the March 4 issue of TIME Magazine. If so, it’s one of the most important outcomes of a single feature of investigative journalism in this new century.

More, please.

Image Credit: Images of Money

New beginnings

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lincoln-memorial

“One nation, undivided, with liberty and justice for all.”

I remember those words well from my days as a schoolboy, reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America.

Decades later, after I’ve spent years living in the the District of Columbia and writing about governance and technology, those words are imbued with a special poignance and power for me.

We live in extraordinary times, yet access to opportunities, capital and the law is not equal.

We can hear the voices of people crying out for help and justice from around the world at an unprecedented scale and velocity, yet our leaders do not always listen.

We can separate fact from fiction and publish the data that underlies those arguments, yet our capacity to reason and compromise is not always augmented.

We, the People, can do better. Whenever I run down to see Mr. Lincoln and stare out at the Mall, imagining what he might think of our own historic moment, I can’t help but conclude that he would agree.

I intend to share the stories and voices of people who are doing better here, drawing from years of interviews, reporting and exploration. You’ll find analysis, original essays, pictures, videos and data, mixed together and presented in what I hope will be a compelling mix. I hope that you find it worthy of your time.

-Alexander B. Howard